Is coffee powder extract a possible functional ingredient useful in food and nutraceutical industries?

Main Article Content

Ancuta Nartea
Paolo Lucci
Monica Rosa Loizzo
Rosa Tundis
Mariarosaria Leporini
Luigia Gervasi
Benedetta Fanesi
Oscar Núñez
Natale Giuseppe Frega
Dennis Fiorini
Deborah Pacetti

Keywords

antioxidant activity, coffee, ethanolic extract, hypoglycemic effect, phenols, tocopherols

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the phytochemical content and in vitro bioactivity of ethanolic extracts of Arabica (A) and/or Robusta (R) coffee powder having different geographical origins. For this purpose, total phenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) content as well as α- and β-tocopherol were quantified. The antioxidant activity was assessed by using a multi-target approach in which the radical scavenging potential, the protection from lipid peroxidation, and the involvement of the iron-reducing mechanism were applied. The carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes’ (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibitory activities were also assessed. Arabica coffee sample (C2-A) showed the highest TPC, TFC, and α-tocopherol content with values of 63.1 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents (CAE)/g dry powder, 16.2 mg of quercetin (QE) equivalents/g dry powder, and 5.6 mg/100 g dry powder, respectively. Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI), used to statistically integrate results from 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), and protection of lipid peroxidation assays, evidenced that sample C4-R derived from Robusta from Guatemala showed the highest antioxidant potential with a value of –0.61. Arabica from Puerto Rico was the most active against α-amylase, whereas the blend Arabica/Robusta sample (C5-A60R40) showed the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 120.2 and 134.6 mg/mL, respectively. The results show how the qualitative-quantitative composition of the extracts is strongly associated not only with the variety but also with the geographical origin of the samples.

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