Evaluating the capabilities of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds as a potential source of nutrients, nutraceutical compounds, and natural antioxidant for industrial food applications
Main Article Content
Keywords
antioxidants; avocado seeds; food applications; nutraceutical compounds; nutrients
Abstract
Beneficial bioactive compounds, including minerals, polyphenols, phytochemicals, and natural antioxidants, are present in substantial amounts in avocado seeds (Persea Americana Mill.). Its seeds are one of the underutilized nonedible sections that are typically discarded as a residue. Avocado seeds have numerous biological activities, such as analgesic, amoebic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiarthritis, antihypertensive, fungicidal, larvicidal, and wound-healing. In this study, avocado seed powder was formulated and amounts of its nutritional fats, phytochemicals, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were assessed. Nutritional analysis of avocado seeds powder showed that it contains moisture (9.52±0.92%), ash (2.38±0.05%), fat (12.90±0.18%), fiber (3.70±0.12%), proteins (7.30±1.08%), carbohydrates (63.80±4.02%), energy (398.70±6.48 Kcal/100 g), sodium (1.2±0.03 mg/100 g), potas-sium (3.95±0.05 mg/100 g), and calcium (0.72±0.01 mg/100 g). The phytochemical analysis of aqueous and methanol extracts identified the presence of fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, triterpenes, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, while anthraquinones and glycosides are absent in both extracts. It contains total polyphenols of 45.50±0.94 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) (in aqueous extract) and 52.60±1.03 mg/100 g GAE (in methanol extract), and total flavonoids of 12.08±1.02 mg/100 g quercetin equivalent (QE) (in methanol extract) and 9.30±0.94 mg/100 g QE in aqueous extract. The antioxidant activity of its water and methanol extracts was calculated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, which ranged from 20.30±1.18–74.88±3.52 in aqueous extract and 25.19±1.32–84.10±4.02 in methanol extract at a concentration 100–500 µg/mL. Significance differences (p = 0.05) in results were found in both extracts. This study demonstrates that avocado seeds (residue) could be a significant source of nutrients, bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants that enhance the value of organic waste.
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Khalid Saeed, M., Zahra, N. ., Ullah, N. ., Sarwar, A. ., Hussain, F., Aziz, T., Alharbi, H. M., Al-Hoshani, N., Alwethaynani, M. S., Alsanie, S. A., Alblaji, M., & Jalal, R. S. (n.d.). Evaluating the capabilities of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds as a potential source of nutrients, nutraceutical compounds, and natural antioxidant for industrial food applications. Italian Journal of Food Science, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.15586/
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Khalid Saeed, M., Zahra, N. ., Ullah, N. ., Sarwar, A. ., Hussain, F., Aziz, T., Alharbi, H. M., Al-Hoshani, N., Alwethaynani, M. S., Alsanie, S. A., Alblaji, M., & Jalal, R. S. (n.d.). Evaluating the capabilities of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds as a potential source of nutrients, nutraceutical compounds, and natural antioxidant for industrial food applications. Italian Journal of Food Science, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.15586/